Shifting perceptions: Understanding the role of international students in shaping the future of Higher Education

Without question, the United Kingdom has long held a top spot as an exceptional destination for higher education. With more than 160 universities, many of which are legacy chart toppers across various university rankings metrics, its simple to see why students around the world would set their sights on a great British education. As one of the many, I can safely attest that it’s not only an attractive sector but can, in some cases, be lifechanging.

That said, it’s far from easy to come to the UK as an international student. If you are accepted into a UK institution, there are still hurdles to surpass, including English proficiency tests and a tangle of visa applications and fees. Over the past few years, the latter has increased in difficulty, with fees rising and restrictions tightening leading to a reduction in the number of international students who make it through.

In fact, there was a 13 per cent decline in student visas issued in the year ending in June 2024 compared to the previous year. Additionally, the sector saw a striking 748 per cent increase in student visa application withdrawals for January through June 2024 compared to the previous year, likely a result of the new rules for dependents introduced by the Tory government in January.

Alongside immigration administrative woes, it’s become apparent that international students are not universally welcome in the UK. Sensationalised headlines overtly undermine the intellect of international students, labelling them only as ‘cash cows’. However, the impact of international students extends far beyond their tuition payments. They bring cultural diversity, new ideas and innovations that have played a major role in shaping the UK into the global leader it is today.

Therefore, to fully grasp the significance of international students, we need to explore their contributions in three key areas: financial, cultural, and research and innovation.

Financially, it’s clear that international students, who pay considerably higher tuition fees than domestic students, play a crucial role in keeping many UK universities afloat. Public opinion appears to reflect this value, with a Savanta poll commissioned by PLMR finding that 63 per cent of respondents agree international students make a positive economic impact on the UK. Government ministers seem to agree as well, with both the Foreign Secretary and Education Secretary taking a welcoming stance to international students.

However, this financial contribution has become a core pillar of the international student debate, with many in the higher education sector determined to reduce institutions’ dependency on foreign income and instead increase fees for home students. While reducing dependency on foreign fees might be more sustainable for the long-term, in the short-term the decision to supplement finances by raising home fees will only hurt British students and potentially even harm the wider UK economy.

As for the UK’s research and innovation ambitions, restricting graduate visas has a far-reaching impact. International students not only bring fresh perspectives but often help maintain international collaboration between academic institutions and industry and government partners. This is a well-recognised benefit, with 61 per cent of respondents in the same poll affirming that international students contribute positively to research and development.

In an era where immigration and global cooperation are becoming more limited, it’s essential to reflect on how much international student contributions have shaped the UK. For instance, Charles Kao, a UCL graduate, revolutionised the world by inventing fibre optics, earning a Nobel Prize in the process. Graduates like Tillmann Henssler, recognised for his work in inclusivity, and Oluwaseun Ayodeji Osowobi, a Swansea University graduate and global advocate for women’s rights, are prime examples of the lasting impact international students can have.

A majority of poll respondents (59 per cent) also agreed that the cultural contributions of international students are a positive force. From new music and cuisine to fostering international understanding, international students make UK campuses and communities richer and more dynamic places. They introduce new experiences, perspectives, and cultural touchpoints that not only enhance the lives of domestic students but also contribute to a more well-rounded educational environment. Limiting international students would severely reduce the rich cultural diversity they bring to the UK.

Nonetheless, despite this seemingly wide-ranging support for international students, nearly half (49 per cent) of those surveyed believe their numbers should be limited. It’s likely this reflects an underlying fear that international students might take away opportunities for domestic students or become a negative burden to UK society, even with the acknowledgement of their vast contributions.

However, negative perceptions can be shifted.

It’s important to not only reflect on the positive aspects of international students, but also work to change what often feels like a hostile narrative. Universities, businesses and policymakers have the opportunity to highlight the true value of international students, both economically and culturally, while addressing public concerns about domestic opportunities. By sharing data and challenging the misleading stereotypes in the media, we can help reshape public opinion and build up the sector in an inclusive way.

While financial arguments are critical, what’s really needed to change perceptions is more effective storytelling. International students are often discussed as a monolithic group, with little attention given to their personal stories and unique contributions. To shift the narrative, we need to humanise these students, showcasing their impact on everyday life and how their innovations, ideas and cultural contributions benefit society as a whole. Only then can we ensure they feel welcomed, appreciated, and empowered to unlock their full potential in the UK.

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